All Journals

Language Teaching Research Quarterly

European Journal of Studies in Management and Business

International Journal of Behavior Studies in Organizations

Studies in Educational Management

New Challenges in Accounting and Finance

Language Testing in Focus: An International Journal

Marketing and Branding Research

Individual Differences in Language Education: An International Journal 

Feedback Research in Second Language 

Management Issues in Healthcare System

Language Teacher Education Research

Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Development

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising banking by improving customer engagement and bank service personalisation. Yet, Ethical Deliberations (ED) on transparency, accountability, equity, and responsible data governance are crucial to the success of AI-powered personalisation. The present study explores the mediating effect of ED on the relationship between the adoption of AI and Personalised Banking Service (PBS) in the Ghanaian banking sector. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from employees of five selected banks in Ghana. Of the 408 questionnaires distributed, 344 usable responses were obtained, representing an 84.3% response rate, and were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that AI adoption is positively and significantly associated with PBS. Furthermore, ED plays a significant mediating role between AI adoption and PBS, suggesting that responsible AI governance enhances the effectiveness of investment in technology and the delivery of customer-focused banking services. The paper adds to the growing body of research on responsible AI and financial services, emphasising the role of ED as a key linkage between AI adoption and PBS in an emerging-market setting. Bank executives, regulators and policymakers interested in fostering innovation while remaining ethically responsible will find the findings of interest.

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Original Research 

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The AI–Ethics–Personalisation Nexus: How Ethical Deliberations Shape Personalised Banking Service in Ghana

The present study aims to identify the role of textually enhanced captions TEC in vocabulary learning, retention, and content comprehension of Saudi EFL female undergraduates. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study allocated ninety-seven Saudi EFL female students to one of three captioning conditions, i.e., TEC, normal captions (NC), and no captions (NoC). This design was followed by immediate form and meaning recognition vocabulary posttests along with a comprehension test. After an essential gap of three weeks, vocabulary posttests were taken to account for any long-term retention. The target words were categorized into four parts of speech (PoS), i.e., verbs, nouns, adverbs, and adjectives. The purpose here is to gauge the word class that is mostly learned by the participants. The dichotomy of quantitative and qualitative analysis attested a positive impact of TEC in the short-term learning of word forms, whereas the advantage of TEC diminished for the long-term retention of forms. Regarding the meaning recognition and comprehension tests, the outcomes indicated that TEC did not aid in either the recognition of word meanings or the comprehension of the video content. Furthermore, it became crystal clear that verbs emerged as the easiest and most effectively learned word class among the students.

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The Role of Textually Enhanced Audiovisual Input and Word Class in Vocabulary Learning, Retention and Content Comprehension of Saudi EFL Female Students

The paper examines the effects of task structure and task immediacy in attentional allocation in the process of engaging with (L2) speech production among international learners of English as an additional language (EAL) in Canada. In a series of four experimental conditions (structural support (structured vs. unstructured)) and immediacy (Here/Now), sixty B2 learners were asked to complete a narrative task. There/Then). Participants provided retrospective verbal reports to establish the sources of dysfluency in their speech. There are four processing stages: conceptualization, lexical encoding, syntactic encoding, and phonological encoding, which were based on the model of speech production proposed by Levelt to code the dysfluency markers. The findings indicated that unstructured tasks produced more pauses associated with conceptualization, suggesting greater requirements for message planning. Conversely, There/Then condition tasks, especially with structural support, had many more dysfluencies that were lexical, syntactic, and phonological encoding in nature, indicating increased focus on the linguistic form. The large effect size across conditions indicates that task design strongly influenced the allocation of attentional resources. Most notably, structured narratives in the past tense, without contextual support, significantly heightened attention to form, as evidenced by increased pauses during lexical, syntactic, and phonological encoding.

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The Impact of Task Structure and Immediacy on International EAL Learners’ Attention Orientation During Speech Production

Although the literature has recently recognised the significance of suprasegmental features in L2 English perception and production, nuclear accent (NA) placement remains partly terra incognita (Landblom &amp; Ionin, 2022; Nagle &amp; Baese-Berk, 2022). Thus, this study examined the extent to which Spanish L1 learners of English can perceive and produce English NA placement. A total of 53 participants completed NA placement perception (listening and identification) and production tasks based on utterances in unmarked and marked contexts. Also, the role of L2 aptitude, musical ability, and L2 proficiency was analysed using three standardised tests: the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), the Musical Ear Test (MET), and the Cambridge Placement Test. The results indicate that L2 aptitude was a weak predictor, whereas musical ability, specifically rhythm sensitivity, strongly predicted NA placement perception accuracy across the different sentence types. This effect was positively moderated by English proficiency. The study deepens our understanding of the perception-production link and supports the inclusion of prosodic training in L2 English acquisition.

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On English Language Learners’ Prosody: The Possible Impact of L2 Aptitude, Musical Ability, and Proficiency on Nuclear Accent Placement in Spanish L1 Contexts

Organisations increasingly realise that employer branding is not only about talent attraction but also includes ethical governance, organisational culture, and long-term stakeholder relations. This work presents a narrative synthesis of evidence integrating contemporary literatures in employer branding with stakeholder theory, signalling theory, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) as well as human-oriented organisational design to create an integrated conceptual framework. The synthesis explores the role of ethical employer branding as a strategic tool for talent attraction, engagement and retention to combine organisational resilience and sustainability. It also explores the interaction of employee value proposition, governance and leadership, stakeholder engagement, authentic organisational practices and digital communication to create credible employer brands. It concluded that ethical employer branding has the greatest potential as an organisational capability conceptualised not necessarily as a recruitment or communications tool, but primarily in terms of developing a governance driven authentic human resource practice aligned with the employee value proposition, stakeholder engagement and ESG commitments. This holistic perspective provides practical insights for implementing robust, human-centred corporate forms that can sustain work and trust, organisational legitimacy and long-term competitiveness in an increasingly transparent socio-technical context.

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Perspective Article

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Issue

Beyond Reputation: Ethical Employer Branding and the Future of Human-Centred Organisations

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Under Taiwan&rsquo;s Bilingual 2030 policy, the expansion of bilingual education has created new instructional roles in schools, yet the lived experiences of teaching assistants remain underexplored. This study adopts an interpretivist approach to understand how one teaching assistant made sense of her experience in Taiwan&rsquo;s English Language Teaching Assistant (ELTA) program. Using a qualitative single-case design, the study draws on a semi-structured interview to explore how the participant interpreted her role in practice. The findings suggest that she came to understand her work as extending beyond assistance into substantial classroom involvement, including lesson preparation, instructional engagement, and ongoing adaptation. They also indicate that digital support, including generative artificial intelligence, became an important practical resource in helping her manage the demands of the role. Rather than making broader claims beyond the case, this study offers a closely contextualized account of how one participant understood and gave meaning to her work, while inviting closer consideration of how teaching assistantship may be experienced in particular bilingual education settings.

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Research Article

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Beyond Assistance: A Case Study of a Teaching Assistant in Taiwan’s English Language Teaching Assistant (ELTA) Program

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education has become one of the most significant topics in the field of teaching English as a foreign language (Kashef &amp; Khabazian, 2026; Ke et al., 2026). In language teaching, AI is a helpful tool that can aid instructors in personalizing their lessons, but its real assistance only happens when EFL instructors have digital literacy and know how to use it wisely (Yang &amp; Lou, 2026). As digital tools like ChatGPT and DeepSeek have become increasingly accessible, language instructors and teacher educators are facing some questions about how these technologies might change their practice (Gribiea, 2026). Rod E. Case, Leping Liu, and Joseph Mintz have gathered together a valuable collection of studies in their book titled Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technology into Language Teacher Education, which originally appeared as a special issue of Computers in the Schools.

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Book Review

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Book Review: Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technology into Language Teacher Education, Edited by Rod E. Case, Leping Liu, Joseph Mintz (Routledge, 2025)

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Standard language teacher education (LTE) programs have mainly prioritized technical skills, focusing on practical aspects such as curriculum design, classroom management, and instructional techniques. Although these elements contribute to the teacher&rsquo;s professional development, they often leave sociocultural and ideological factors underexplored. Foundational elements within training programs, including teachers&rsquo; professional identity, the role of mother tongue, and broader views of culture, are often overlooked as the programs prioritize step-by-step instruction. Furthermore, hierarchical institutional systems frequently restrict teachers&rsquo; pedagogical autonomy and embed them within broader frameworks of monitoring and evaluation (Uysal &amp; Gao, 2026). To address these shortcomings, Jaber Kamali&rsquo;s Language as Power in the Language Teacher Education Ecosystem (2026) responds to these gaps by highlighting language as a central domain where authority and professional expectations are negotiated within the LTE ecosystem.

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Book Review: Language as Power in the Language Teacher Education Ecosystem, by Jaber Kamali (Cambridge University Press, 2026)

This article argues for a reframing of AI literacy in MA TESOL education from a compliance-driven competency to a co-constructed process of inquiry, reflection, and critical engagement. The discussion is prompted by a classroom activity in which an AI-generated annotated bibliography, which contained entirely fabricated references, was initially judged by postgraduate students to be credible and academically appropriate. Whilst the exercise exposed challenges associated with verifying AI-generated academic content, it also highlighted broader questions about how AI literacy is conceptualised and developed within TESOL. Drawing on thematic analysis of interviews with two international MA TESOL students, the study explores how students understand, use, and evaluate AI following institutional guidance and targeted classroom input. Findings reveal emerging but cautious forms of AI literacy characterised by scepticism, risk awareness, verification practices, and anxiety regarding plagiarism and academic integrity. Despite explicit instruction, participants positioned AI primarily as a source of potential error rather than as a pedagogical resource. This article therefore proposes a co-constructed model of AI literacy that values dialogue, shared inquiry, scaffolded experimentation, and process-oriented assessment that enables students to develop reflective, context-sensitive, and professionally relevant AI practices.

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Practitioner Inquiry

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Reframing AI Literacy in MA TESOL Education as Co-Constructed

The present study investigates how pre-service and in-service primary EFL teachers in Germany consider individual differences (IDs) when making long- and short-term planning decisions. Participants were presented with two vignettes designed to initiate prospective reflection processes typical of (professional) planning. The resulting written reflections were analyzed alongside qualitative content analysis with a focus on the nature and degree of learner referencing. Results indicate that learner references were predominantly generic, while differentiated references occurred less frequently. When differentiation was present, it was primarily performance-based. Although references to ID dimensions appeared comparatively rarely and unsystematically, they addressed a broad variety of ID dimensions. The study discusses the implications of these findings for teacher education, arguing for more structured and supported opportunities to practice knowledge-based, heterogeneity-sensitive prospective reflection.

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“All Learners will Enjoy this!” The (Limited) Integration of Individual Differences in Primary EFL Teachers’ Task Planning

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed language assessment in the past several decades, bringing both benefits and challenges for second language (L2) teachers, who need to advance their language assessment literacy (LAL) in response to the drastic changes. In this reflective essay, drawing on ancient Chinese philosophy, particularly the Shu (the Technique) and Dao (The Way) binary, I first narrate my LAL development from 2010 to 2022, from a pre-service teacher to an in-service teacher-assessor, by emphasizing how my assessment practices (Shu) have changed in response to digital technologies. Then, I reflect on the unchanging Dao of my LAL crystallized during my PhD studies from 2022 to 2025 as a teacher-researcher investigating teachers&rsquo; LAL, namely, using language assessment to achieve students&rsquo; holistic development. Finally, I advocate a vision in which L2 teachers can respond to the constantly evolving technological environment by grounding their future technology-assisted assessment practices in the unchanging principles of the Dao through human-AI collaboration.

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“Respond to Change with the Unchanging”: A Second Language Teacher’s Reflective Journey in Transforming Language Assessment Literacy in the Digital Era

Guest-editor: 
Hassan Mohebbi 
European Knowledge Development Institute, Turkey

Special Issue:  Language Assessment Literacy in the New Era: New Concerns, Same Solutions?

Inspired by Coombe et al.&rsquo;s (2020) conceptualization of Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) as a recursive process of learning, unlearning, and relearning, we reflect on how teachers&rsquo; LAL is socially and technologically mediated in using DeepSeek&rsquo;s DeepThink function. Through reflective analysis of Wenwen&rsquo;s supervisory interactions with her MA student in China, and Steve&rsquo;s in-service teacher education practices in Cambodia, this reflective paper contributes to the discussions about LAL in the age of AI. We present our successes and failures with promoting the use of AI as a tool for the development of LAL in teachers and learners. Our experiences with LAL and AI are framed in Coombe et al.&rsquo;s (2020) recursive cycle of LAL development.

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DeepThink-Mediated Language Assessment Literacy: EFL Teachers’ Practices and Insights from China and Cambodia